[proofplan]
We use initiality twice to construct the only possible morphisms $I \to I'$ and $I' \to I$. Then we compare their composites with the identity morphisms, using initiality again on the objects $I$ and $I'$. These identities show that the two morphisms are inverse isomorphisms, and the same uniqueness property shows that no other isomorphism $I \to I'$ can exist.
[/proofplan]
[step:Construct the unique morphisms between the two initial objects]
Since $I$ is initial and $I'$ is an object of $\mathcal C$, the set $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I, I')$ contains exactly one morphism. Denote this unique morphism by
\begin{align*}
f: I \to I'.
\end{align*}
Since $I'$ is initial and $I$ is an object of $\mathcal C$, the set $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I', I)$ contains exactly one morphism. Denote this unique morphism by
\begin{align*}
g: I' \to I.
\end{align*}
[/step]
[step:Show that the composite $g \circ f$ is the identity on $I$]
The composite
\begin{align*}
g \circ f: I \to I
\end{align*}
is a morphism in $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I, I)$. The identity morphism
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_I: I \to I
\end{align*}
is also a morphism in $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I, I)$. Because $I$ is initial, the set $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I, I)$ contains exactly one morphism. Therefore
\begin{align*}
g \circ f = \operatorname{id}_I.
\end{align*}
[/step]
[step:Show that the composite $f \circ g$ is the identity on $I'$]
The composite
\begin{align*}
f \circ g: I' \to I'
\end{align*}
is a morphism in $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I', I')$. The identity morphism
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_{I'}: I' \to I'
\end{align*}
is also a morphism in $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I', I')$. Because $I'$ is initial, the set $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I', I')$ contains exactly one morphism. Therefore
\begin{align*}
f \circ g = \operatorname{id}_{I'}.
\end{align*}
[/step]
[step:Conclude that $f$ is the unique isomorphism from $I$ to $I'$]
The identities
\begin{align*}
g \circ f &= \operatorname{id}_I, \\
f \circ g &= \operatorname{id}_{I'}
\end{align*}
show that $f$ is an isomorphism with inverse $g$.
It remains to prove uniqueness among isomorphisms. Let
\begin{align*}
h: I \to I'
\end{align*}
be any isomorphism in $\mathcal C$. Since $h$ is in $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I, I')$ and $f$ is the unique morphism in $\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(I, I')$, we have
\begin{align*}
h = f.
\end{align*}
Thus $f: I \to I'$ is the unique isomorphism from $I$ to $I'$.
[/step]