[proofplan]
We compare the two injective resolutions by applying the injective comparison theorem to the identity map of $M$ in both directions. This gives cochain maps $\alpha^\bullet: I^\bullet \to J^\bullet$ and $\beta^\bullet: J^\bullet \to I^\bullet$ over $\operatorname{id}_M$. The two composites are then comparison maps from an injective resolution to itself over $\operatorname{id}_M$, so homotopy uniqueness of comparison maps identifies each composite with the corresponding identity map up to cochain homotopy.
[/proofplan]
[step:Construct a comparison map from $I^\bullet$ to $J^\bullet$ over $\operatorname{id}_M$]
Let
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_M: M &\to M \\
m &\mapsto m
\end{align*}
be the identity homomorphism of left $R$-modules. Since $I^\bullet$ and $J^\bullet$ are injective resolutions of $M$, the injective comparison theorem applies to the map $\operatorname{id}_M$ with source resolution $I^\bullet$ and target resolution $J^\bullet$ (citing a result not yet in the wiki: Injective Comparison Theorem). Hence there exists a cochain map
\begin{align*}
\alpha^\bullet: I^\bullet \to J^\bullet
\end{align*}
such that, in degree $0$,
\begin{align*}
\alpha^0 \circ \varepsilon_I = \varepsilon_J \circ \operatorname{id}_M = \varepsilon_J.
\end{align*}
Thus $\alpha^\bullet$ is a map of augmented cochain complexes over $M$.
[/step]
[step:Construct a comparison map from $J^\bullet$ to $I^\bullet$ over $\operatorname{id}_M$]
Apply the same injective comparison theorem to the identity homomorphism
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_M: M \to M
\end{align*}
with source resolution $J^\bullet$ and target resolution $I^\bullet$. Since $J^\bullet$ and $I^\bullet$ are injective resolutions of $M$, the hypotheses of the theorem are again satisfied. Therefore there exists a cochain map
\begin{align*}
\beta^\bullet: J^\bullet \to I^\bullet
\end{align*}
such that
\begin{align*}
\beta^0 \circ \varepsilon_J = \varepsilon_I \circ \operatorname{id}_M = \varepsilon_I.
\end{align*}
Thus $\beta^\bullet$ is also a map of augmented cochain complexes over $M$.
[/step]
[step:Identify the composite $\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet$ as a comparison map over $\operatorname{id}_M$]
The composite
\begin{align*}
\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet: I^\bullet \to I^\bullet
\end{align*}
is a cochain map because it is the composite of cochain maps. Its augmentation condition is computed in degree $0$:
\begin{align*}
(\beta^0 \circ \alpha^0) \circ \varepsilon_I
= \beta^0 \circ (\alpha^0 \circ \varepsilon_I)
= \beta^0 \circ \varepsilon_J
= \varepsilon_I.
\end{align*}
Hence $\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet$ is a comparison map from $I^\bullet$ to itself over $\operatorname{id}_M$.
The identity cochain map
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_{I^\bullet}: I^\bullet \to I^\bullet
\end{align*}
also satisfies
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_{I^0} \circ \varepsilon_I = \varepsilon_I,
\end{align*}
so it is another comparison map from $I^\bullet$ to itself over $\operatorname{id}_M$.
[/step]
[step:Homotope $\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet$ to $\operatorname{id}_{I^\bullet}$]
By homotopy uniqueness for injective comparison maps, any two comparison maps between the same injective resolutions inducing the same module homomorphism on $M$ are cochain homotopic (citing a result not yet in the wiki: Homotopy Uniqueness for Injective Comparison Maps). The maps
\begin{align*}
\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet,\qquad \operatorname{id}_{I^\bullet}: I^\bullet \to I^\bullet
\end{align*}
are both comparison maps over $\operatorname{id}_M$, as verified above. Therefore
\begin{align*}
\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet \simeq \operatorname{id}_{I^\bullet}.
\end{align*}
[/step]
[step:Homotope $\alpha^\bullet \circ \beta^\bullet$ to $\operatorname{id}_{J^\bullet}$]
The composite
\begin{align*}
\alpha^\bullet \circ \beta^\bullet: J^\bullet \to J^\bullet
\end{align*}
is a cochain map, and its augmentation condition is
\begin{align*}
(\alpha^0 \circ \beta^0) \circ \varepsilon_J
= \alpha^0 \circ (\beta^0 \circ \varepsilon_J)
= \alpha^0 \circ \varepsilon_I
= \varepsilon_J.
\end{align*}
Thus $\alpha^\bullet \circ \beta^\bullet$ is a comparison map from $J^\bullet$ to itself over $\operatorname{id}_M$. The identity map $\operatorname{id}_{J^\bullet}: J^\bullet \to J^\bullet$ is also a comparison map over $\operatorname{id}_M$, since
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_{J^0} \circ \varepsilon_J = \varepsilon_J.
\end{align*}
Applying homotopy uniqueness for injective comparison maps gives
\begin{align*}
\alpha^\bullet \circ \beta^\bullet \simeq \operatorname{id}_{J^\bullet}.
\end{align*}
[/step]
[step:Conclude that the augmented injective resolutions are homotopy equivalent]
We have constructed cochain maps
\begin{align*}
\alpha^\bullet &: I^\bullet \to J^\bullet, \\
\beta^\bullet &: J^\bullet \to I^\bullet
\end{align*}
of augmented complexes over $M$ such that
\begin{align*}
\beta^\bullet \circ \alpha^\bullet \simeq \operatorname{id}_{I^\bullet},
\qquad
\alpha^\bullet \circ \beta^\bullet \simeq \operatorname{id}_{J^\bullet}.
\end{align*}
This is precisely the definition of a homotopy equivalence of the augmented cochain complexes $I^\bullet$ and $J^\bullet$ over $M$.
[/step]