[guided]The issue is that $df$ only acts on $TH_0$, while we need a derivative on all of $TM_0|_{H_0}$. Since $H_0$ is a hypersurface, the missing direction is one-dimensional. However, the restricted form $\beta_0=j_0^*\omega_0$ is degenerate, so we must first understand exactly which direction it loses.
For $i\in\{0,1\}$, define
\begin{align*}
\beta_i:=j_i^*\omega_i\in \Omega^2(H_i).
\end{align*}
At each point $x\in H_i$, the kernel
\begin{align*}
K_{i,x}:=\ker((\beta_i)_x)\subset T_xH_i
\end{align*}
is a line. The reason is linear algebra in a symplectic vector space: $T_xH_i$ has codimension one in $T_xM_i$, so its symplectic orthogonal has dimension one, and for a hypersurface this orthogonal line lies inside $T_xH_i$.
The hypothesis
\begin{align*}
f^*\beta_1=\beta_0
\end{align*}
implies that $df$ carries this kernel line to the corresponding kernel line. Indeed, if $k\in K_{0,x}$ and $v\in T_xH_0$, then
\begin{align*}
(\beta_1)_{f(x)}(df_x(k),df_x(v))=(\beta_0)_x(k,v)=0.
\end{align*}
Since $df_x:T_xH_0\to T_{f(x)}H_1$ is surjective, $df_x(k)$ annihilates all of $T_{f(x)}H_1$ under $\beta_1$, so $df_x(k)\in K_{1,f(x)}$.
Now choose smooth complements
\begin{align*}
TM_i|_{H_i}=TH_i\oplus N_i.
\end{align*}
The normal quotient $TM_i|_{H_i}/TH_i$ is a line bundle. It is paired nondegenerately with the characteristic line $K_i$ by the ambient symplectic form:
\begin{align*}
[v]\mapsto \bigl(k\mapsto \omega_i(k,v)\bigr).
\end{align*}
This is well-defined because $k\in K_i$ pairs to zero with all tangent vectors in $TH_i$. It is an isomorphism because if the normal class $[v]$ pairs to zero with $K_i$, then $v$ lies in the symplectic orthogonal of $K_i$, which is $TH_i$, so $[v]=0$.
This pairing tells us how to choose the normal quotient of the desired derivative. We define
\begin{align*}
\overline A:TM_0|_{H_0}/TH_0\to f^*(TM_1|_{H_1}/TH_1)
\end{align*}
to be the unique line-bundle map satisfying
\begin{align*}
(\omega_1)_{f(x)}(df_x(k),\overline A_x([v]))=(\omega_0)_x(k,v)
\end{align*}
for all $k\in K_{0,x}$ and $v\in T_xM_0$. This fixes the transverse scaling.
There is still a second correction to make. Fix $x\in H_0$ and $n\in N_{0,x}$. A representative $n_1^0$ of the normal class $\overline A_x([n])$ may not pair correctly with every tangent vector $df_x(w)$, only with the characteristic direction. Define the error functional
\begin{align*}
\ell_{x,n}:T_xH_0\to \mathbb R
\end{align*}
by
\begin{align*}
\ell_{x,n}(w):=(\omega_0)_x(w,n)-(\omega_1)_{f(x)}(df_x(w),n_1^0).
\end{align*}
The construction of $\overline A$ makes $\ell_{x,n}$ vanish on $K_{0,x}$, so it descends to $T_xH_0/K_{0,x}$. On this quotient, $\beta_0$ is nondegenerate, and $df_x$ identifies it with the quotient $T_{f(x)}H_1/K_{1,f(x)}$. Hence there is a unique class $[u_1]\in T_{f(x)}H_1/K_{1,f(x)}$ satisfying
\begin{align*}
(\beta_1)_{f(x)}(df_x(w),u_1)=\ell_{x,n}(w)
\end{align*}
for all $w\in T_xH_0$. Choosing a smooth complement of $K_1$ in $TH_1$ gives a smooth representative $u_1$.
Finally set
\begin{align*}
A_x(w+n):=df_x(w)+n_1^0+u_1.
\end{align*}
This map extends $df$ on $TH_0$. Its induced map on the normal quotient is the line-bundle isomorphism $\overline A_x$, while its restriction to $T_xH_0$ is the vector-space isomorphism $df_x$; hence $A_x:T_xM_0\to T_{f(x)}M_1$ is an isomorphism for every $x\in H_0$, and these isomorphisms vary smoothly with $x$. It preserves $\omega$ on pairs of tangent vectors by the hypothesis $f^*\beta_1=\beta_0$. It preserves the pairing between tangent and normal vectors by the defining equation for $u_1$. It preserves normal-normal pairings because both sides are zero by skew-symmetry. Therefore
\begin{align*}
A_x^*(\omega_1)_{f(x)}=(\omega_0)_x
\end{align*}
for every $x\in H_0$.[/guided]