[proofplan]
The proof is a direct specialization of the Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed volumes. We choose the two distinguished mixed-volume entries to be $K$ and $B$, and we fill the remaining $n-2$ entries with exactly $n-j-1$ additional copies of $K$ and $j-1$ additional copies of $B$. Symmetry of mixed volume then identifies the three terms in the Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality with $W_j(K)^2$, $W_{j-1}(K)$, and $W_{j+1}(K)$.
[/proofplan]
[step:Choose the mixed-volume entries that produce the three adjacent quermassintegrals]
Fix an integer $j$ with $1 \leq j \leq n-1$. Since $j \leq n-1$, the integer $n-j-1$ is non-negative, and since $j \geq 1$, the integer $j-1$ is non-negative.
Let $L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}$ be the following list of convex bodies: $n-j-1$ copies of $K$ followed by $j-1$ copies of $B$. This list has length
\begin{align*}
(n-j-1) + (j-1) = n-2.
\end{align*}
Thus the $n$-tuple $(K, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})$ is a valid input for the mixed volume $V$.
[guided]
Fix an integer $j$ satisfying $1 \leq j \leq n-1$. The Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality compares mixed volumes in which two entries vary and the other $n-2$ entries are held fixed. We want the middle term to contain $n-j$ copies of $K$ and $j$ copies of $B$, because by definition this is $W_j(K)$.
To make that happen, we reserve one distinguished slot for $K$ and one distinguished slot for $B$. The remaining slots must then contain $n-j-1$ more copies of $K$ and $j-1$ more copies of $B$. These numbers are non-negative because $j \leq n-1$ and $j \geq 1$. Define $L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}$ to be that list of remaining convex bodies. Its length is
\begin{align*}
(n-j-1) + (j-1) = n-2,
\end{align*}
so $(K, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})$ is an $n$-tuple of convex bodies and is therefore a valid mixed-volume input.
[/guided]
[/step]
[step:Apply Alexandrov-Fenchel to the selected entries]
The Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed volumes, applied to the convex bodies $K$, $B$, and $L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}$, gives
\begin{align*}
V(K, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})^2
\geq
V(K, K, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}) \,
V(B, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}).
\end{align*}
Here the hypotheses are satisfied because $K$, $B$, and each $L_i$ are convex bodies in $\mathbb{R}^n$. This invocation cites a result not yet in the wiki: Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed volumes.
[guided]
We now apply the Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed volumes. In the form needed here, it says that for convex bodies $A$, $C$, and $L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$,
\begin{align*}
V(A, C, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})^2
\geq
V(A, A, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}) \,
V(C, C, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}).
\end{align*}
This cites a result not yet in the wiki: Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed volumes.
We use this theorem with $A := K$ and $C := B$. The required hypotheses are satisfied: $K$ is a convex body by assumption, $B = \overline{B}(0,1)$ is a convex body in $\mathbb{R}^n$, and each $L_i$ is either $K$ or $B$, hence is also a convex body. Therefore
\begin{align*}
V(K, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})^2
\geq
V(K, K, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}) \,
V(B, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2}).
\end{align*}
[/guided]
[/step]
[step:Identify the three mixed volumes with adjacent quermassintegrals]
By symmetry of mixed volume, the first mixed volume contains $1+(n-j-1)=n-j$ copies of $K$ and $1+(j-1)=j$ copies of $B$, so
\begin{align*}
V(K, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})
=
V(K[n-j], B[j])
=
W_j(K).
\end{align*}
The first factor on the right contains $2+(n-j-1)=n-j+1$ copies of $K$ and $j-1$ copies of $B$, hence
\begin{align*}
V(K, K, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})
=
V(K[n-j+1], B[j-1])
=
W_{j-1}(K).
\end{align*}
The second factor on the right contains $n-j-1$ copies of $K$ and $2+(j-1)=j+1$ copies of $B$, hence
\begin{align*}
V(B, B, L_1, \dots, L_{n-2})
=
V(K[n-j-1], B[j+1])
=
W_{j+1}(K).
\end{align*}
Substituting these three identities into the Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality gives
\begin{align*}
W_j(K)^2 \geq W_{j-1}(K) W_{j+1}(K).
\end{align*}
This is the desired log-concavity inequality.
[/step]