Let $N \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{0\}$, let $x_0,\dots,x_N \in [-1,1]$ be distinct interpolation nodes, and let $\mathcal{P}_N$ denote the real [vector space](/page/Vector%20Space) of polynomials of degree at most $N$ restricted to $[-1,1]$. For each $j \in \{0,\dots,N\}$, let $\ell_j \in \mathcal{P}_N$ be the Lagrange basis polynomial determined by $\ell_j(x_i)=\delta_{ij}$. Define the interpolation operator